Mitsubishi i MIEV Sporty Electric Concept Car

Mitsubishi i MIEV Sport Electric Concept Car

The Mitsubishi i MIEV is a concept minicar based on the same in-wheel electric motor propulsion found in the Mitsubishi EZ MIEV concept from 2006.
The i MIEV is the sports version of the platform. It features Mitsubishi's S-AWC (Super All Wheel Control). This system combines Active Center Differential (ACD), Active Yaw Control (AYC), Active Stability Control (ASC), and Sports ABS components, with braking force control to improve handling and road holding.
In addition to manual plug-in charging, the i MiEV Sport also offers a wireless microwave charging system. Imagine just parking over the transmitter, with the receiver in the bottom of the car automatically charging the battery when you're done driving.
The i MiEV SPORT maximizes the sporty possibilities of the zero-emissions electric vehicle. The high power and environmental performance of its electric motors make it an exhilarating drive that delivers superior environmental performance.
The "fastback" exterior design expresses the quickness of the car with an appearance that is pleasing and lively. An efficient, environmentally friendly electric vehicle thanks to its compact size, it also possesses exceptionally fluid styling. A simplified interior styling creates a pleasant space, allowing occupants to feel at home. The light green exterior marks another association with nature. The pearlescent paint, which shines when hit with direct light, brings feelings of advanced, futuristic technology and environmental peace of mind. The interior is sporty and dynamic as a result of the substantial use of mesh materials, while the space, with various natural elements, fosters feelings of both security and comfort.

Mitsubishi i MIEV Sport Electric Concept Car

Mitsubishi i MiEV Sport uses a rear-midship design in its layout. Making use of the relatively long wheelbase of this platform, a high-capacity lithium-ion battery is installed in the lowest area under the floor, and components including a motor and inverter are arranged beneath the luggage compartment. This layout provides optimal distribution of weight, front and rear, and a lower center of gravity for stability, sporty performance, and a spacious interior.
An aluminum space frame — a combination of aluminum extrusions and aluminum die casting — is light, rigid and strong; helping to improving performance by minimizing weight.
The optimum layout of structural members, including front-side and cross members, efficiently absorbs crash energy in the event of front-end or side collision. In a collision from the rear, EV components under the back seat and rear floor serve as a barrier to ensure the integrity of the passenger compartment. By making use of the rear-midship layout and utilizing Mitsubishi's latest RISE (Reinforced Impact Safety Evolution) body, the concept realizes excellent occupant protection in collisions from any direction, even when colliding with a vehicle of different height or weight.
The system employs a structure consisting of three permanent magnetic synchronous motors. One in-wheel motor is placed at each front wheel; a single motor drives the rear wheels, as is used in the "i MiEV" system. An E-4WD system electronically optimizes the output of all motors. In addition, a new E-AYC (Electric Active Yaw Control) system is employed to directly regulate torque at the left and right rear wheels via an electric motor. In addition to the E-4WD and E-AYC, the S-AWC system integrates ABS and ASC (Active Stability Control) systems, thus independently controlling driving force, traction and braking at all four wheels, for total maneuverability and maximum stability.
Energy-saving environmental considerations are seen throughout the i MiEV SPORT. Effective use of energy is achieved by installing an auxiliary photovoltaic generator on the roof, a power-generating fan inside the front grill, and regenerative braking functions to recover energy when the car is slowing down. Much of the lighting is by bright, power-saving LEDs, including in the rear combination lamps and vehicle interior, and the efficiency of the air conditioning is enhanced by the use of heat-absorbing window glass. In addition, Green Plastic — Mitsubishi Motors' unique plant-based resin technology — is used wherever possible for interior components in another nod to the environment.

Mitsubishi i MIEV Sport Electric Concept Car

Nissan NUVU Electric Concept Car

Nissan NUVU Electric Concept Car

Nissan’s vision for the future of urban transportation is encapsulated in Nuvu, a ‘new view’ of the type of car we will be driving in the middle of the next decade. Compact – it’s just 3 meters long – Nuvu is a concept vehicle with unique 2+1 seating. Nuvu is agile, easy to drive, even easier to park. And it is, of course, an electric vehicle (EV).
Nissan has already announced plans to introduce an all-electric car in Japan and the US in 2010 and to mass-market it globally in 2012. Nuvu is not that car, though it does share some of the technology that will feature in the planned production vehicle. Rather, it is a concept of how a Nissan EV might look in the near future.
In the longer term, Nissan foresees a future based around a line-up of zero emission vehicles regardless of their size, category and usage. Nuvu – or its production equivalent – is just one element of this emission-free future.
The central thrust behind the development of Nuvu is not its motive power but its layout and use of space. Nuvu has been created for a city of the future, one that’s even more crowded than today.

Nissan NUVU Electric Concept Car

That’s why it’s compact on the outside yet roomy on the inside. Built on a unique platform, it’s just 3 meters long and sits on a wheelbase of 1980 mm but is 1700 mm wide and 1550 mm tall to create a large and airy cabin.
These dimensions provide all the interior room needed for the vast majority of city journeys. Nuvu has two regular seats and a third occasional chair that can be folded down when required. But, unlike some two-seater city cars currently on the market, it is a thoroughly practical proposition with an integral luggage area providing sufficient space for a typical supermarket or shopping expedition.
The packaging is designed to give priority to driver comfort with C-segment levels of space and the flexibility to invite one or two passengers on board. Cabin layout places the regular passenger seat beside but largely behind the driver’s seat, allowing the passenger to stretch right out. Ahead of this seat is a third occasional chair which, when not in use, is folded away into the dashboard assembly. But even when the third seat is in use, there remains sufficient legroom for both passengers.
In the interests of saving both weight and space, the third seat has a center section made from hardwearing yet comfortable netting. This hammock-like approach also has the benefit of allowing cool or warm air to circulate around the occupant’s body for extra comfort.
Shopping bags, briefcases and smaller items of luggage can be stowed behind the driver’s seat while if the driver is traveling solo, larger items can be stowed in the passenger footwall.
Many of the materials used inside Nuvu reflect an increasing concern for the environment. The floor is made from wood fibers pressed into laminate sheets and is studded with rubber inserts made from recycled tires for grip. To create a light and bright interior, the windscreen and roof merge into one extended panel running virtually the entire length of the car. But undoubtedly the most unusual feature of the interior is the ‘energy tree’ which rises from the luggage compartment floor to the roof behind the driver’s seat.
The energy tree is shaped like a thin trunk. As it reaches daylight it branches out under the glass roof providing occupants with protection from bright sunlight… just like a real tree. And providing a visual reminder of Nuvu’s green credentials, covering the branches are dozens of small solar panels shaped like leaves.
The panels absorb energy from the sun which is then fed back down the energy tree and used to help recharge the battery and provide an extra power boost for the electric motor. As well as being genuinely green energy, it is estimated that the power generated via the solar panels will save the equivalent of one full overnight charge from mains electricity each month.
Driver controls are as simple as possible. All the major functions – steering, braking, transmission and throttle – are ‘By-Wire’ while the steering is controlled by an aircraft-style steering yoke: with just one turn from lock to lock, the steering is very direct for agility and maneuverability in the city. Nuvu’s turning circle is just 3.7 meters. Thanks to its wide track and the use of 16 inch 165/55 tires mounted on lightweight, almost transparent, wheels, ride comfort, stability and agility is of the highest order.
There are two pedals – for stop and go – stalks for minor controls and a digital instrument panel with dials for speed, distance covered and battery range. The instrument panel itself is formed of layers – rather like an onion – and like the energy tree is another example of design inspired by nature. “We call it bio-mimicry,” says Bancon.

Nissan NUVU Electric Concept Car

Two screens on the dashboard display the view behind the car – there are no door mirrors to disturb the airflow, but small cameras – and double as monitors for the Around View Camera which give a bird’s eye view of the car when maneuvering or parking.
Saving energy was the guiding force behind the use of low-energy LED head and tail lamps, while Nuvu’s heating and ventilation system filters and cleans the city air as it passes through the vehicle. Not only does it produce no emissions at source, but Nuvu actually helps clean up the city environment.
Developed by designers at Creative Box Inc. – Nissan’s design think-tank – Nuvu’s green house has flowing lines with gentle curves inspired by nature. The distinctive shape of the door glass on either side gives the impression of a hot air balloon that’s being gently inflated by pressure from within, while tropical fish inspired the profile of the side window graphics as a whole.
This contrast between the natural, fluid shape of the green house and the strength implied by the solidity of the lower body gives Nuvu a feeling of quality rarely found in a compact car.
Nuvu’s visual impact is further enhanced by its unique body color. Developed by Nissan Design, the shade is officially called Soft Feel Sandy Gold.
Matching the ecological values of an electric vehicle, the molded plastics and synthetic elements found inside a typical production car have been replaced by natural materials and organic alternatives, such as the wood fibers and rubber from car tires used for the flooring. The result helps create a relaxed, warm atmosphere within Nuvu’s cabin.
During the design development stage, key targets were to develop an EV that encompassed obvious modernity with engaging ambience and a playful aspect – hence the energy tree. “You don’t need to be a car lover to fall in love with Nuvu,” adds Bancon.
Nuvu is more than a styling concept of a future EV. It is a fully working mobile test bed for much of the technology that will be used in Nissan’s production EV to be launched in 2010. For this reason elements of its technical specification are being kept secret for the time being.
The electric motor used in Nuvu is mounted at the rear of the vehicle and drives the back wheels, though neither its exact specification nor the power and torque figures are being released at this stage. A driving range of 125 kms and top speed of 120 km/h are being made public, however.
Similarly although it can be revealed that the batteries used are of the latest laminated lithium-ion type and have a capacity of 140 Wh/kg (watt-hours per kilogram), the total capacity of the batteries and number of modules are not being disclosed at this stage.
Nissan began research into high output Li-Ion cells as long ago as 1992, but today development is carried out by Automotive Energy Supply Corp. (AESC), a joint venture company set up by Nissan and NEC Group.
Unlike a conventional lithium-ion battery with its bulky cylindrical cells, the laminated Li-Ion battery as used in Nuvu has thin laminated cells and fewer components overall. This boosts its power by a factor of 1.5 at the same time as halving its physical size. It also remains twice as efficient as a conventional cylindrical Li-Ion battery even after five years or 100,000 kms of continuous usage.
Another bonus of the compact cell construction is that a thin modular design is possible with a commensurate improvement in battery cooling efficiency. Higher power outputs are achieved through material improvements made to its lithium manganate positive electrode and carbon negative electrode. The use of chemically stable spinel-structured manganese for the positive electrode also helps ensure safe operation.

Nissan NUVU Electric Concept Car

Its compact size allows the batteries to be mounted under the seats and the vehicle’s flat floor, thus helping to keep the center of gravity as low as possible.
A quick charge from empty to full should take between 10 to 20 minutes while a full charge should take between three to four hours from a domestic 220v socket.
Although clearly a concept vehicle exploring aspects of future vehicle design, Nuvu nevertheless embodies many messages for today. Its clever interior provides ample headroom, legroom and comfort for most everyday needs without occupying more road space than it needs.
The use of recycled and natural materials underlines Nuvu’s environmental message and while the energy tree might be considered as a piece of whimsy, the use of solar energy is an entirely sensible and practical technological solution to aid an emission free future.
Much of the research in the concept that became Nuvu was carried out by a maverick design studio called Creative Box Inc. Although wholly owned by Nissan, Creative Box is run as an independent offshoot where the company’s young designers are given a free rein to develop ideas and concepts for tomorrow.
Fujitsu General, Ltd., and the establishment of AESC with NEC Group to develop the laminated lithium-ion battery.

2009 Audi Q7 delivers distinctive elegance and spacious

2009 Audi Q7

The 2009 Audi Q7 delivers distinctive elegance, spacious cargo room, and lots of safety features. The large crossover provides seating for seven and rides on Volkswagen's 7L platform.
The design is based on the Audi Pikes Peak Quattro concept car, and mechanically the Q7 is similar to the Volkswagen Touareg and Porsche Cayenne.
The Q7 can be ordered with a 280 horsepower 3.6-liter V6, or a 4.2-liter 350 horsepower V8. Audi rates the V6 Q7's combined fuel consumption rated at 17mpg, which shouldn't come as a surprise as it weighs 5,027lbs. The Premium trim of the V6 is 100lbs heavier but achieves the same fuel economy numbers. Main differences between the two include equipment, with the Premium getting Audi's Advanced Multi Media Interface system, a parking system with reverse camera and an upgraded audio system with Sirius satellite radio in place of the standard six-disc in-dash, eight-speaker set-up. To distinguish the two from the outside, the Premium also gets more brightwork, including chromed roof rails.
Just as the other Audies, the Q7 is a model of high-quality construction and materials. If you decide to buy one for its luxurious interior alone, you won’t be disappointed. The dash layout is very similar to that of the A6, with its driver-oriented cockpit highlighted by the standard MMI system. The LCD screen is controlled by a knob and various menu buttons mounted on the center console. The driver can operate entertainment, climate, communications and navigation functions.

2009 Audi Q7

Audi designed the Q7 interior with flexibility in mind. The Q7 seats five; add the third-row seat and it'll seat seven. A six-passenger arrangement is available with second-row bucket seats separated by a center console, with the third-row bench behind it. As for the driver's seat, it is comfortable and most drivers should find the driving position nearly perfect and comfortable and the same stands for the getting in and out of the front seats or the second-row seats which is so easy thanks to large doors and a reasonably low floor. We can sum up that Q7 reportedly offers 28 different passenger/cargo arrangements between three available seating configurations, which is rarely the case with the other vehicles from its rank.
Another interesting moment concerning the interior trim is the impression that Q7 shines with high quality, with padded surfaces everywhere one can touch and virtually no hard plastics. Three different kinds of wood are available, as is patterned aluminium trim. Also, the mix of materials conveys a level of luxury that matches, if not exceeds, the Q7's price, which is, totally acceptable for a vehicle like Q7.

2009 Audi Q7

The styling of the Audi Q7 offers no surprises, just typical Audi class, previous perfectly well-known model. The Q7 is bigger than it looks. A heavily stylized front end helps mask the formidable mass of the Q7's nose. Fog lights are set into the lower moldings. The exterior mirrors are perhaps the largest we've ever seen on a vehicle in this class, which should come in handy when towing. There are two stylish, full-length metal rails on the roof provide anchor points for accessory crossbars for securing cargo on the roof.
The Premium costs $5,850 more than the base model. Both V6 models ride on 18-inch wheels with an integrated tire-pressure monitoring system, though 19-, 20- or 21-inch wheel and tire packages are optional. Other big-ticket options include a Bang & Olufsen sound system, a three-panel sunroof, luxury seating for six, a navigation system and a few packages that involve bigger wheels, more leather and / or an off-road-oriented body kit.
The V8 Q7 gets just 14 mpg on the combined cycle, and weighs 5,267 lbs. It comes with all the equipment of the V6 premium, and adds or replaces it with unique features like the engine, 20-inch wheels and a Bose-tuned surround sound system and a standard navigation system. Options not available on the V6-powered Q7s include adaptive cruise control and self-leveling air suspension.

2009 Audi Q7

On the safety front, the three SUVs come with ABS and EBD-enhanced four-wheel ventilated disc brakes, and Audi's Electronic Stabilization Program. Regardless of engine choice, the behemoths are limited to 130mph top speeds. Maximum towing capacity for the V6 model is 5,500lbs, with the V8 managing 6,600lb burdens.
Audi has also previewed a V12 TDI Q7 with a 500 horsepower engine similar to the one featured in the R10 Le Mans racing car. The V12 model is not currently on sale in America.
The Q7 comes standard with a six-speed automatic transmission and Quattro all-wheel-drive, which does not have a low-range transfer case.

2010 Toyota Prius - The Third Generation Hybrid Vehicle

2010 Toyota Prius Third Generation

Toyota Motor Sales (TMS), USA, unveiled the third-generation Prius hybrid vehicle at the 2009 North American International Auto show.
The new version of the world’s top-selling hybrid vehicle offers better mileage ratings and enhanced performance, as well as new design features.
The Prius has been a smash success for Toyota. It is by far the least-expensive, highest-performing hybrid car on the market, and it has helped establish Toyota as a hybrid innovator while most of the rest of the field struggles to catch up.
The 3rd Generation Prius will grow in size, and engine displacement will be bumped to 1.8 liters four-cylinder engine powers to increase performance, faster and 10 - 20 percent more fuel efficient than the second generation Prius.
The 3rd Generation Prius will move from a 1.5-liter inline 4 to a 1.8 inline 4 engine that adds 25 extra horsepower for a total of 100 hp. Combined with a new, advanced electric motor that new Prius will offer as much as 160 hp compared to today's 110 hp. And the 1.8-liter engine is the first Toyota power plant that requires no belts under the hood for better fuel economy and less potential maintenance. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the larger engine actually helps improve highway mileage. By making more torque, the new engine can run at lower average revolutions per minute on the highway. When operating at lower RPM, the new engine uses less fuel. Despite the increase in size and sprightliness, weight will reportedly hold steady.
The standard 2010 Toyota 3rd Generation Prius also will not be a plug-in hybrid. However, Toyota will begin selling a NiMH-powered plug-in Prius for fleet sales starting in late 2010. Sometime in 2010, the plug-in Prius might also become available for individual sales.

2010 Toyota Prius Third Generation

The first-generation Prius, which was EPA rated at 41 mpg US combined city/highway, was replaced by the current model, which is EPA rated at 46 mpg US, combined. Using a combination of technologies, fuel efficiency was increased to an estimated 50 mpg US combined for the new Prius.
The Hybrid components like the inverter, motor, and generator are now smaller and lighter. An exhaust heat recovery system, exhaust gas recirculation, and an electric water pump contribute to a more efficient hybrid system with a net horsepower rating of 134.
The battery module carries over from the tried-and-true technology from the current Prius. Engineers applied enhancements throughout the entire vehicle to achieve 50 miles-per-gallon, more consistent efficiency in real-world driving, and further reductions in CO2 emissions.
The 3rd Generation Prius also features what Toyota is calling a “Solar Moonroof”. A small array of photovoltaic cells automatically powers a ventilation system on hot days. The system allows fresh air to circulate into the vehicle while the vehicle is parked, cooling down the cabin so that the air conditioning doesn’t have to work as hard, thereby conserving power.
Also new is a multi-information display panel that monitors fuel and energy consumption. It provides feedback on the Prius's efficiency using three different displays to help the driver acquire economical driving habits.
The 3rd Generation Prius received more wind tunnel hours of testing than any other Toyota vehicle yet. By focusing on the shape of the body, underfloor, wheelhouse liner and shape of the wheels, the designers of the new Prius were able to reduce the coefficient of drag (Cd) value to 0.25, compared to 0.26 for the previous model. The airflow under the car was studied extensively. Engineers made changes to the shape of the fender liner, front surface of the underfloor, and added a fin at the rear floor cover to increase linear stability.
LED lamps are used for low beams and also in the tail and stop lamps to curb power consumption. The air conditioning, a major energy drain, has been re-engineered to increase efficiency and cool-down performance. In addition, an exhaust-heat recirculation system reduces heat waste by warming engine coolant during cold startup for improved performance.
The 3rd Generation Prius is built on a new platform, which Toyota says enables improved handling stability, quieter operation and collision safety. The suspension consists of front struts and a rear intermediate beam design, as before, but handling stability is advanced by improving the stabilizer layout, higher caster angle and tuning the bushing characteristics.

2010 Toyota Prius Third Generation

Also, disc brakes are now used on all four corners, replacing the front disc/rear drum brakes in the current model.
Toyota will use plant-derived, carbon-neutral plastics in the 2010 Prius. The newly-developed plastics, known as “ecological plastic,” will be used in the seat cushion foam, cowl side trim, inner and outer scuff plates, and deck trim cover. Ecological plastic emits less CO2 during a product lifecycle (from manufacturing to disposal) than plastic made solely from petroleum; it also helps reduce petroleum use
Better-performing sound insulation, in conjunction with improved vibration damping, has been installed in various locations to reduce road noise.
Sales of the 2010 Prius will start simultaneously in both the US and Japan in late spring, followed shortly by Canada and other countries. Toyota forecasts first full calendar year sales in the US will be around 180,000 units.
Toyota sources claimed the third generation hybrid technology, "will cut prices for eco-friendly vehicles, reduce fuel costs and slash production expenses."
If things go according to Toyota's plan for world domination, the Prius will become one of the pillars upon which the marque is built, next to the Corolla and Camry institutions.

Alfa Romeo Bertone B.A.T. 11 Concept Car

Alfa Romeo Bertone B.A.T. 11

The B.A.T. 11 is an updated take on the B.A.T. 5, B.A.T. 7 and B.A.T. 9 concepts built by Nuccio Bertone together with Alfa Romeo between 1953 and 1955. BAT stands for Berlinetta Aerodinamica Tecnica (Aerodynamic Technical Coupe) and as you can see, this concept lives up to its name. While the original B.A.T. concepts have become some of the most coveted collector cars in the world, this new one is designed with a slightly different slant.
The B.A.T. 11 based on a Maserati GT chassis, it is more of a sportscar for the new millennium. It has a Maserati V8 for propulsion and features Pirelli shod 21" wheels slowed by Brembo brakes. Although the mechanicals are Maserati, the badge is Alfa Romeo because of the exterior detailing -- specifically the traditional Alfa triangular shield and circulor crest. It also carries many of the same design cues as its predecessors, including the fared-in wheels and wrap-around tail fins. While the original BATs were designed to look aerodynamic, this one was actually wind-tunnel-tested in the Department of Aeronautics and Space Engineering at the Polytechnic institute of Torino.
4,9 meters long, 1,9 meters wide, and 1,2 meters high, the design brings to the forefront some of the distinguishing elements of the BAT concept, such as the tapered fins and the faired wheels, all in a context where soft proportions are combined with strict and rough lines: a successful encounter of the typical Bertone themes that have inspired many. The fins seem to have been designed as a shawl that wraps around the car beginning from the front fender. In the rear there is suspended spoiler running lengthwise which uses a specific anchoring system. There is therefore a continuous flow of surfaces, volumes and open spaces that are uncovered piece by piece depending on the view angle.
It should also be noted that the body features that streamline the front wheels are mobile and provide for an electronic opening and closing system linked to the steering wheel to guarantee easy steering when parking.

Alfa Romeo Bertone B.A.T. 11

The side of the car is very simple, almost basic, and brings to the forefront two particularities that highlight the sporty nature of the car: the low widows combined with the high waistline and the cooling foils (which are also on the rear bumpers) optimize brake cooling. The doors were designed to open towards the front and slightly upwards, allowing access to a two seat cockpit designed to be simply and elegantly furnished, in line with the BAT concept. The dashboard is designed in wood, curved in the lower part on the driver's side.
At the center is the typical triangular shield with the circular brand logo on the top of the hood from which extend 3 horizontal lines that represent the Alfa Romeo "whiskers": the central ones cut through the inlet which holds the LED lighting system supplied by OSRAM.
Finally, the grey-green color, linked to the Alfa Romeo brand and dear to Nuccio Bertone, is yet another element that contributes to carrying this particular style, created by a master, towards the future.

2009 Yamaha YZF-R1 - The 6th Generation Model

2009 Yamaha YZF-R1

The 2009 model YZF-R1 is the 6th generation model since its original release in 1998. In the development of the new YZF-R1, a full re-designing of the engine and chassis under the product concept of an “Ultimate Cornering Master 1000.” In particular, the new engine adopting a “crossplane crankshaft” based on technology from Yamaha’s road racer YZR-M1 competing in the pinnacle MotoGP class of international motorcycle racing achieves more linear traction characteristics for outstanding cornering performance.
This combines with newly designed frame and other components, these features let the rider experience a new level of sportier ride through all stages of cornering: entering the turn, leaning the machine and exiting the turn.
To help achieve outstanding cornering performance, a new 1,000cc liquid-cooled, in-line 4-cylinder, 4-valve DOHC engine with a crossplane crankshaft has been developed. For the bore x stroke, this new engine adopts a short stroke type spec with the largest bore ever for a Yamaha 1,000cc supersport model at 78 x 52.2 mm.
The new engine features a large 36mm diameter crank journal (compared to 32 mm on existing model), and its relationship with other specs, including the lightweight forged aluminum piston, the closed deck type combustion chamber, the FS connecting rods, the new-design crank wave and the ACM, have all been balanced to achieve optimum inertial moment for the crankshaft (increased by approx. 20% compared to the existing model). This combines with the twin-injector type fuel injection system, the Yamaha Chip Controlled Intake (YCC-I) and Yamaha Chip Controlled Throttle (YCC-T) to produce outstanding engine response characteristics.
To achieve outstanding handling performance, a newly designed aluminum Deltabox frame is adopted. The same layout as the existing model that enables the duct from the air induction port to run through the frame is adopted, but the shape and size, the types of aluminum used and the overall rigidity balance have all been newly designed, primarily to accommodate new engine mount positions. The optimized rigidity balance contributes not only to high-speed stability but also helps improve handling, especially in terms of enabling effective traction when exiting a curve.
The dimensions have also been optimized. Compared to the existing model the engine mounting angle is nine degrees more upright at a 31-degree forward incline of the cylinders and the engine mounting position is 12mm farther forward in terms of its relationship to the drive axis in order to contribute to an even better feeling of front wheel road contact.
The rear frame is made of magnesium, wich has already proven effective on the 2008 model YZF-R6 and is manufactured by Yamaha’s exclusive “CF Magnesium Die Casting Technology.”
An inverted front fork with 43mm inner tubes (same size as the existing unit) is adopted. A new feature of this fork is that it has left-right independent cushioning mechanisms. Compression stroke damping force is created on the left side and rebound damping force on the right side of the fork. This makes it possible to optimize the flow of the fluid that generates the damping force with a high degree of accuracy and minimize cavitation occurring during successive strokes, thus contributing to more stable performance. At the same time, the diameter of the internal cylinder has been increased to stabilize pressure variance and ensure sufficient oil volume to enable the shock absorber to respond quickly with damping force for even the smallest stroke movements and thus provide outstanding road hold.
A fuel tank with a shape that was developed using 3-D simulation analysis technology is adopted. With an 18-liter capacity and added vertical height that allows it to fit neatly within the frame, this new tank contributes to increased concentration of mass. This minimizes the variance in riding feeling as the amount of fuel in the tank decreases.
The body is sculpted with a new styling that embodies concentration of mass and high-density compactness while also using the rear tire as a focal point to give visual expression to the dynamic traction characteristics achieved by the new engine. This combines with the shorter design of the muffler to express and image of strong drive traction with the rear tire as the main point of focus and a sense of minimalism and front-rear concentration of power. Another thing that distinguishes the body styling is the simple but bold use of surfaces on the middle cowl. This is a sculptural design based on the concept of giving visual expression to a layered type of structure that creates a sense of two layers of motion: the motion of air across the outer surfaces of the machine and the motion of air through the inside of the cowling. This is a straight expression of the two roles of the middle cowling, to achieve outstanding aerodynamic characteristics and rider wind protection when running at high speeds and the air management function for the purpose of heat dissipation by the cooling system.
Other features include a 3-mode control map selection function (YAMAHA D-MODE), a slipper clutch, a 4-2-1-2 exhaust pipe and twin mufflers, a shock absorber with “2-way adjuster function” for the compression-side damping and Projector type headlights with solenoid driven Hi – Lo selector.

Yamaha FZ16 153cc air-cooled 4-stroke SOHC

Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. announces the October 2008 release of the new Indian market model “FZ16” powered by a newly designed 153cc air-cooled, 4-stroke SOHC, single cylinder engine and designed to offer a completely new type of naked (cowl-less) model.

Yamaha FZ16

The FZ16 has been designed and engineered as Yamaha Motor’s answer to calls from the marketplace for new models that offer outstanding basic performance as well as the individuality and appeal to make the motorcycle a means of self-expression for the owner. The FZ16’s development aim was to provide “great performance potential for around-town riding plus unmatched pride of ownership, not only in the way the machine looks but also the way the rider looks on the machine.” With new features like a mid-ship muffler that contributed to greater concentration of mass near the machine’s center of gravity, the first radial rear tire on a motorcycle manufactured in India and the first front fork made in India with φ41mm inner tubes, this model boasts a look of concentrated, muscular beauty.
In Yamaha Motor’s new three-year (2008-2010) medium-term management plan, restructuring the motorcycle business in India has been designated one of the company’s top priorities. The now-to-be released FZ16 joins the very well received new model YZF-R15 released in June to give Yamaha two highly attractive models to help realize the high value-added marketing strategy that is central to this restructuring.

Volkswagen Bluesport Roadster Concept With Clean Diesel TDI

Volkswagen Bluesport TDI Roadster Concept

Volkswagen has revealed its Bluesport roadster concept, which will be on display at the Detroit auto show starting this week. Originally slated to debut at the Los Angeles auto show, the car was delayed because VW felt the amount of anticipation generated by earlier rumors warranted greater publicity.
The Volkswagen concept has a special twist that appeals to environmentally conscious sports-car enthusiasts: a Clean Diesel engine, mounted mid-ship. The BlueSport Concept likely prefaces a long rumored—and headed to production, according to some sources—roadster based on the Concept-R, first shown more than five years ago at the Frankfurt auto show.
Designed as a rival to the Lotus Elise, the car, if ever produced, would be relatively affordable and extremely lightweight. Unlike past roadster concepts from VW, the Bluesport appears to be intended for production. “It is the fifth time in as many years that we have created such a [concept] car, but this time, more than any other, the signs are looking good that we will get production approval,” a source told Automotive News in August.

Volkswagen Bluesport TDI Roadster Concept

The silver exterior and orange fabric convertible top formed an interesting contrast with the black interior and looked anything but conservative. Wheel wells are flared dramatically outward, and large air intakes just behind the doors signal its mid-engine configuration. The interior features a matte-black look, with an instrument panel that’s rather simple in layout. One-piece seatbacks hint of racing, and as with several other concepts here at the show, a touch screen interface that controls “all information and entertainment functions.”
Expected to enter production some time in the next two years, the car will weigh around 2,200 pounds and be motivated by a Clean Diesel TDI engine brings it to 62 mph in just 6.6 seconds and it has a top speed of 140 mph. Fuel economy is estimated at 35 mpg in the combined European cycle. The mid-mounted engine yields a weight distribution of 45:55 front to rear. Power is transmitted through a six-speed DSG gearbox, with power going to the rear wheels.

Volkswagen Bluesport TDI Roadster Concept

With regard to those who might think diesels are a bit dirty, the BlueSport is fitted with a NOx downstream catalytic converter to keep it especially clean—and, likely to pass U.S. emissions without the need for AdBlue. Fuel economy rates about 55 miles per gallon overall, VW says, with a driving range of up to 710 miles. The BlueSport also incorporates an Eco mode, bringing an automatic start-stop system as well as energy regeneration to cut fuel consumption in city driving.

Volkswagen Bluesport TDI Roadster Concept

The BlueSport has two small cargo spaces—one that’s 4 cubic feet in front and another that’s just about 2.5 cubic feet in back. At about 157 inches long, with a 95.7-inch wheelbase, the lightweight roadster looks poised to land somewhere between the Lotus Elise and Porsche Boxster in purpose—though perhaps closer to the much-missed Toyota MR2 in market position.
The car’s platform is rumored be shared with the forthcoming Porsche 914, which would slot below the Cayman and Boxster.

2009 KIA Soulster Open-Air Concept

2009 KIA Soulster

Kia Motors America (KMA) arrives at the 2009 North American International Auto Show (NAIAS) in Detroit with the Kia Soulster open-air concept, a variation of the highly anticipated Soul, arriving at Kia Motors retailers this spring. With young buyers' budgets in mind, the Kia Soulster is an efficient front-drive car based on the production model Kia Soul, recently introduced at the 2008 Los Angeles Auto Show.

Stylin' Soul'r Yellow Design
A two-door concept with roadster roots, the brightly colored Soul'r yellow Soulster projects a hip industrial look with screw borders, reminiscent of a rivet design found on a fighter jet. The windshield is shortened for a sportier and hunkered down appearance. A two-piece top enables passengers to expose the front and back seating areas independently, using elbow-grease technology. The roll bar serves a dual purpose and includes a place for the slider tracks, while providing protection not found in traditional convertibles.
With a unique face, Kia Soulster has a tough but refined character. The toughness is expressed through details like the anodized skid-pad insert, which matches the fender vents, roll bar header and wheels.
Kia Soulster's attitude incorporates lighting that shines through with an amber glow under the headlamps. The side vents, side-mirror turn signals, unique LED headlamps, fog and tail lamps incorporate blue shades.
The energetic, distinctive look carries from front to rear with dual chrome exhaust and polished aluminum exhaust tips featuring carbon-fiber interior sleeves. The large 19-inch, five-spoke aluminum alloy wheels perfect the Kia Soulster's appearance. Regardless of Soulster being viewed from front, back or side, it offers innovative perspectives derived from the original Soul.

2009 KIA Soulster

Inside Out
Once inside, Kia Soulster takes even more progressive variations from Soul beginning with the new four-passenger seating design, a diversion from Soul's five-passenger arrangement, lending spacious versatility for long summer weekends. The surprisingly flexible Kia Soulster provides real seating for two in the front with comfortable seating for two more adults in the back. Fold-flat passenger and rear seats combined with ample headroom make this the perfect car for social outings outdoors and on the beach with friends. Making basic features hot, its crank-up windows are a purposefully key interior design element as are the dashboard-integrated audio speakers.
Adding to the edgy design scheme, the non-floor-mounted cantilevered seats project the illusion of being suspended in space when viewed from the side allowing for increased rear legroom. Storage compartments below each of the fold-flat rear seats, offer room for myriad cargo needs. In addition to the spacious cargo area, dual storage compartments also can be found in the rear and underneath the cargo hold area.

2009 KIA Soulster

All Revved Up
With young buyers in mind, Kia Soulster offers an agile, smooth and spirited ride. As with its Soul cousin, Soulster's can be made available with a myriad of engine choices depending upon each market's needs. A 1.6-liter, four-cylinder engine is mated to a five-speed manual transmission, which produces approximately 120 horsepower. For those looking for a little more power, a 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine is available with either the five-speed manual or a four-speed automatic transmission, producing approximately 140 horsepower. Fuel economy for both engines is estimated at 30 or more miles per gallon. Other markets might choose the 1.6-liter four-cylinder engine producing 124 horsepower or a 1.6-liter turbodiesel.

2009 KIA Soulster

2010 Peugeot 3008 compact and spacious crossover

2010 Peugeot 3008 compact and spacious crossover

The Peugeot 3008 is a compact and spacious crossover. It represents a new and innovative offer, not only in the Peugeot range but also in today's car market as a whole. Manufactured in Eastern France at the Sochaux manufacturing plant, its concept and specification has draw on all of Peugeot's expertise and values.
The Peugeot 3008 is positioned at the crossroads between several existing vehicles: the SUV, the MPV and hatchback. The car derives its strengths from this blend of motoring concepts while at the same adopting a number of new and original technologies (Dynamic Roll Control, Grip Control, etc) enabling it to combine specifications often deemed incompatible (driving pleasure inside a "tall" vehicle, improved traction while at the same time being eco-friendly, etc).
Through its non-conformist approach and its resolute styling, the Peugeot 3008, designed as a pioneering vehicle, offers an original solution and optimal versatility to customers in search of modernity, practicality and driving pleasure. Protective, versatile and status-enhancing, the Peugeot 3008, a crossover in all respects, opens up new motoring horizons.
The architecture of the Peugeot 3008 successfully combines a single-compartment body shape with a forward-positioned front windscreen with elements borrowed from the world of the SUV, such as its lower tailgate (or hobby), its plunging side windows and its raised driving position.
The vehicle's style achieves a harmonious fusion of these different genres. Its balanced proportions and dynamic and robust lines provide an indication of the car's innovative content. At the front, the Peugeot styling genes have evolved to adapt to the car's generous size, while at the rear the wide sculpted flanks help to visually attach the car to the road.
Depending on the trim level, the vehicle can have off-road styling elements, in particular inserts for the sills and lower panels.
Inside its spacious interior, the driver occupies an ergonomic and particularly luxurious driving position that calls to mind the world of the luxury coupé and has some similarity to the cockpit of an aircraft.

2010 Peugeot 3008 compact and spacious crossover

Passengers can enjoy a generous and extremely comfortable passenger compartment (in terms of design, seats, acoustics, etc), where each occupant will feel naturally at ease. For even greater interior brightness and visibility, they can benefit from a large glass roof measuring 1.60 m2.
Its Multiflex interior can be converted at will thanks to its 3-position load area floor and folding rear seats. With the latter folded, together with the front passenger backrest, the Peugeot 3008 offers a perfectly flat floor from the lower tailgate hobby to the fascia panel. Its load volume under the parcel shelf then increases from 512 litres (or 432 dm3 in the VDA standard) to 1,604 (or 1,241 dm3 VDA) behind the front seats.
To add to the tranquillity and safety of all its occupants, the driver can benefit, as standard or as an option, from technology that is rarely if ever seen in this market segment:

• Head Up Display,
• Distance Alert (helps the driver to respect a safe distance between the vehicle in front according to speed),
• automatic electric parking brake, hill assist,
• a range of telematic systems with satellite navigation.

THE PEUGEOT 3008, A CROSSOVER THANKS ITS UNIQUE DRIVING SENSATIONS AND INTELLIGENT OFF-ROAD TRACTION
Thanks to Peugeot's expertise and use of new technology, the Peugeot 3008 offers road holding qualities worthy of the best saloon cars, no mean feat for a "spacious and tall" vehicle. Every effort has been made to ensure class leading levels of road holding on all versions of the Peugeot 3008, without in any way sacrificing passenger comfort. Indeed the Peugeot 3008 will become the new benchmark in the world of spacious, compact vehicles in terms of driving pleasure and active safety.
It achieves this through its excellent body rigidity, large wheels and suspension comprising of a McPherson type front suspension and a rear suspension consisting of a rear torsion beam.
Combined with two of the most efficient engines (the 1.6 litre THP and the new 2.0 litre HDi FAP), the Dynamic Roll Control system, fitted to the rear suspension, sets new standards in terms of body roll control while still retaining optimal damping characteristics.
Another innovation is the Grip Control system. Consisting of an advanced traction control system and special Mud & Snow tyres, it optimises the traction of both front wheels of the Peugeot 3008 for real off-road driving. The driver controls the system by means of a knob with five settings: Standard, Snow, Off Road (Mud/Dirt/Wet Grass), Sand and ESP off.

2010 Peugeot 3008 compact and spacious crossover

THE PEUGEOT 3008, AN ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY CROSSOVER
At an early stage of the project, the search for optimal environmental efficiency was a major priority, especially as the vehicle was a crossover.
Particular attention was paid to the car's aerodynamics (Cx of only 0.296), weight optimisation (lightweight materials, laser welding, etc) and Michelin tyres with a low rolling resistance (derived from the Peugeot 308) are fitted to most versions.
At the heart of the Peugeot 3008's eco-efficiency, its six power trains feature the most advanced technologies in the market segment, both for petrol (with the 1.6 litre VTi and THP engines developed in co-operation with the BMW Group) and diesel versions (1.6 and 2.0 litre HDi fitted with a diesel particulate emission filter). Fuel consumption on the most eco-friendly version is therefore reduced to only 4.9 litres/100 km or 130 g/km of CO2.

In 2009, the Peugeot 3008 range will be as follows:

HDi FAP diesel:

• 1.6 litre HDi FAP 80 kW (110 bhp), 240 Nm, 6-speed manual gearbox - CO2: 137 g/km
• 1.6 litre HDi FAP 80 kW (110 bhp), 240 Nm, 6-speed electronically-controlled manual gearbox - CO2: 130 g/km
• 2.0 litre HDi FAP 110 kW (150 bhp), 340 Nm, 6-speed manual gearbox - Euro 5, CO2: 146 g/km
• 2.0 litre HDi FAP 120 kW (163 bhp), 340 Nm, 6-speed automatic gearbox - Euro 5, CO2: 176 g/km

Petrol:

• 1.6 litre VTi 88 kW (120 bhp), 160 Nm, 5-speed manual gearbox - Euro 5, CO2: 165 g/km
• 1.6 litre THP 110 kW (150 bhp), 240 Nm, 6-speed manual gearbox - CO2: 176 g/km, and the ..
• 1.6 litre THP 115 kW (156 bhp), 240 Nm, 6-speed manual gearbox - Euro 5, CO2: 170 g/km
  

Finally, from 2011, the Peugeot 3008 will be the first vehicle in the PSA Peugeot Citroën Group to benefit from HYbrid4 technology, as unveiled on the Prologue HYbrid4 concept car at the 2008 Paris Motor Show. This technology, representing a real breakthrough in terms of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions (in the order of a 35% reduction), it also allows four wheel drive thanks to front wheel drive provided by the HDi FAP diesel engine and rear wheel drive provided by an electric motor. The latter also allows an "all electric" drive mode, i.e. with zero emissions.

THE PEUGEOT 3008, A CROSSOVER YOU CAN FEEL SAFE IN
The Peugeot 3008 is designed to offer maximum safety in every respect:

• primary safety is guaranteed by the high levels of road holding,
• secondary safety is based on a particularly optimised structure (with three impact absorption structures or channels at the front and the fitment of Bogé impact absorbers) and efficient means of restraint (including six air bags),
• tertiary safety is assured by the Peugeot Emergency service which can pinpoint the vehicle's location and dispatch emergency services in the event of an incident. This service, first launched in 2003, is available free of charge with the new WIP Com 3D telematic system available on the Peugeot 3008.
  

2010 Peugeot 3008 compact and spacious crossover

THE PEUGEOT 3008, A STATUS-ENHANCING CROSSOVER WITH AMBITIOUS QUALITY TARGETS
Based on the same processes first introduced with the launch of the 308, both perceived quality and driveability were made a priority during the design, development and manufacture of the Peugeot 3008.
For example, a major 3,000,000 kilometre on-road test programme is under way to gather information that will help to optimise the vehicle's quality at the time of its launch. Similarly, the number of quality control checks has been increased at each stage of production.
This constant drive for higher quality at all levels will also have a positive effect on the durability, reliability and running costs of the Peugeot 3008.
It will also have a direct effect on the "overall cost of ownership", an important factor for many owners and a crucial consideration for fleet buyers.
Running costs and the vehicle's residual value will also depend on the attractiveness of the car, its environmental efficiency and its repair costs, parameters for which the Peugeot 3008 has solid arguments in its favour.

THE PEUGEOT 3008, A CROSSOVER AVAILABLE IN A SIMPLE AND CLEAR RANGE
According to countries, the Peugeot 3008 range will be available in four trim levels. To offer the widest possible choice, it will be available in nine body colours and, according to trim level, two different ambiences: Tramontane (anthracite) or Guérande (bluish light grey). The latter come with cloth, leather or "integral leather" seats and fascia panel.

Wiper Care And How To Change

You might take them for granted – until it rains, snows or sleets and suddenly your safety depends on them. Windshield wipers always need to stay in top condition because you never know when you'll need them to help you see the road.

Wipers take a beating from extreme temperatures, acid rain, road salt, sand, and ice scraper abuse. The rubber can crack, split, tear, become contaminated with road film or chemicals or warp from long exposure to heat, cold or ice. Improvements are being made in blade materials, but air pollution still takes its toll.

You can clear up many windshield problems by replacing the blades. If water beads up on the glass, or if wiper action creates a hazy, oily film, clean the glass and replace the blades. Beading and hazing are most often caused by car wax build-up or driving behind a vehicle that was losing brake fluid or engine oil. If wipers leave streaks or "skip" on each stroke, the arm may be bent or applying incorrect pressure. Blades and arms should be inspected every four to six months.

Meanwhile, every time you wash your car (weekly, hopefully), clean the rubber blade with a mild detergent and rinse with water. You'll remove most pollutants attacking the rubber, help increase blade life and reduce windshield smearing. If taking a rear wiper-equipped your car through a commercial car wash, temporarily tape the rear wiper to the glass to avoid damage during the wash.

If you're tired of finding your wipers frozen to your windshield, try setting them away from the glass before you leave your parked car. Most cars wipers can be gently pulled outward and set before snow or freezing rain so they will be ready to work when you need them most.

Changed Wiper Blades
Procedure

1. Verify that the wiper arms are hook-style. If so, they look like this.
2. Lift wiper arm away from glass. Be careful, as they're spring-loaded.
3. Depress tab on bottom of wiper and slide wiper blade toward base of wiper arm.
4. Place new wiper blade on arm assembly with the rounded part of the center piece toward the end of the hook.
5. Slide wiper blade toward end of wiper arm until you hear a satisfying click.
6. Push wiper arm back toward windshield. Again, be careful, as it's spring-loaded.

You're done!

How Your Car Brake System Works

Brake systems are designed to slow the vehicles wheel movement through friction. There are primarily two brake systems, ABS and non ABS (anti brake skid). Both systems work on basic hydraulics and utilize a brake master cylinder (connected to the brake peddle in the car) that supplies brake fluid pressure to the front brake calipers and rear wheel cylinder or brake calipers if so equipped.

Typical Non ABS Brake System
The brake system requires hydraulic force which is many times greater than the force applied by the foot. This added hydraulic force is achieved by leverage multiplication. The multiplying force can be changed by varying the relative location of the brake master cylinder rod pivot as it relates to the lever.

In the hydraulic force multiplication method, the force which is applied at one point is transmitted by incompressible brake fluid to another point. This basic system consists of two pistons (master cylinder and wheel caliper or cylinder), which are filled with brake fluid and are connected by a brake line of any length or shape. When the brake peddle is forced down brake fluid from the master cylinder is transferred to the brake caliper piston, pressurized fluid is transmitted through the brake caliper to the brake pads or shoes, which are mounted to the brake caliper or wheel cylinder.

A major problem to the brake system is a brake fluid leak, if there is a slow leak in the system it will effect the brake master cylinder by allowing air into the system creating a low peddle and eventual brake operation failure. If a large brake fluid leak is present, fluid escapes, leading to a major brake failure on one half of the system (front or rear). A master cylinder has a built in safety device, two separate hydraulic systems a primary and secondary, separating front and rear brake operation incase of front or rear brake operation failure, one system will still be present.

Common Problems and Fixes
Today's brake systems are reliable and easy to maintain, most systems are designed for easy service and brake pad replacement. If the brake pedal becomes hard to push, there can be a possibility of a broken vacuum supply line or a failed power brake booster. It is also very important to use the correct type of brake fluid, otherwise the brake system can malfunction. This can lead to problems such as spongy feeling pedal and the brake pedal travel becoming excessive. Only the highest quality brake fluid must be used in a brake system and must never be reused and must always be discarded immediately after the fluid storage container is opened to avoid moisture contamination. When adding brake fluid to the master cylinder care must be taken make sure brake fluid is not spilled on the paint of the car, brake fluid is very corrosive and will destroy the paint.

Squealing brakes is an indication of a problem with the brake system. Most of the time a squealing noise can be a warning to you that your brake pads are worn down and need to be replaced. Other causes can be overheated brake pads or rotors and sometimes rust can get impregnated on the brake lining material and cause grumbling or squeaking noises.

When cleaning brake components prior to service precaution must be taken. Most brake systems contain asbestos fibers that are extremely hazardous to your health. While cleaning with brake system cleaner there is an increased chance of inhaling these fibers which accumulates on the brake components. Cleaning should be done in a well ventilated area, use an air filter respirator if possible for best results.

Basic Maintenance
It is important to inspect your brake system periodically. Check the level of brake fluid and the thickness of the brake pads or shoes. Before checking the brake fluid level, the cover of the master cylinder must be wiped off so no foreign material can fall inside the reservoir. The brake pads and brake shoes should be periodically inspected from the amount of wear the brake pad has endured and replace as needed.

ABS Anti Brake Skid
The ABS brake system is a computerized wheel speed system that can detect when one or more wheel is not rotating as fast as the other wheels and will dump brake pressure to those wheels until the wheel (or wheels) can maintain equal rotation. ABS brake systems utilize a series of wheel speed sensors, a brake control module and a main ABS control unit. The ABS control unit controls and monitors the ABS brake system. These brake components transfer evenly dispersed brake fluid pressure to the brake pads and shoes and keep the vehicle under control. (for more info ABS brakes)

Brake Fade
Brake fade is a condition that occurs when the brakes on the vehicle stop working even though there is good peddle and no obvious problem with the brake system. This condition can present itself when the brake system is overheated. When friction is applied to a rotating mass (brake rotor or drum) the energy is transferred into heat, when the brake rotor is over heated it cannot absorb any additional heat. This will cause the brakes to fail no matter how hard the brake peddle is applied. This condition can occur when braking down long grades and in high performance driving applications where repeated acceleration and braking occurs over a short period of time.

Brake System Maintenance and Inspection
Brake system maintenance is crucial. To keep your vehicles brake system serviced correctly flush your brake fluid every 25,000 to 35,000 miles. Inspect brake fluid, master cylinder, pads, flex hoses and shoes for fluid leaks regularly. When replacing brake system components always use top quality OEM (original equipment manufacturer) brake parts. Many inexpensive brake parts will, squeak, grumble and need replacement sooner.

Brake Proportioning or Combination Valve
The proportioning or combination valve is located inline with the front and rear brakes. This valve is used to monitor the brake system pressure from front to rear and warn you of a fluid pressure drop is detected. When a system failure is detected a brake warning light is illuminated on the instrument cluster.

Emergency Brake
A car emergency brake performs two operations, it helps hold the car when parked on a hill, plus it can help stop the vehicle if the conventional brake system has failed. Inspect your emergency brake operation periodically to ensure proper operation as part of a normal brake replacement and have the service technician inspect the emergency brake system for wear and replace worn components as needed.

Brake Components

Power Brake Booster


A power brake booster utilizes engine vacuum to help pressurize the hydraulic system in the car when the brake peddle is depressed.




Brake Pad Set
Semi metallic brake pads are generally made with copper, brass, and steel wool shavings held together in a resin. Ceramic based pads are also available for high performance applications.



Brake Disc
A brake disc is the rotating part of the braking system that contacts the brake pads. Heat and energy are transferred from the brake disc to the pads while providing friction to stop the car. Cross drill brake disc's help dissipate heat more efficiently under extreme driving conditions.


Rear Brake Caliper
Brake calipers provide hydraulic pressure to the brake pads and apply friction to the brake rotor to slow the vehicle.




Brake Master Cylinder
A brake master cylinder provides hydraulic pressure to the wheel cylinders and calipers.




Brake Shoe Set
The rear brake shoes are actuated by wheel cylinders that force the brake shoes against the brake drum with hydraulic pressure from the master cylinder.



Brake Cylinder
Wheel Cylinder
Pressure from the brake system is applied to the brake cylinders forcing the brake shoes against the brake drum.

Source: www.2carpros.com

2009 Hyundai Genesis promise plenty of performance

2009 Hyundai Genesis

What you are looking at is the physical representation of Hyundai's will to succeed in the U.S., also known as the 2009 Hyundai Genesis. The Korean automaker's first attempt at a rear-wheel-drive luxury sedan will debut in Detroit next week and arrive on our shores later this year (we think) with a price tag that starts below $30,000. As is Hyundai's way, it will feature power, performance and amenities that belie its little price tag.

2009 Hyundai Genesis

"While Genesis will compete for customers with cars like Chrysler 300 and Pontiac G8, our engineering benchmarks were Mercedes E-Class, Infiniti M, and Lexus GS," said John Krafcik, vice president, product development and strategic planning, Hyundai Motor America. "Genesis provides a potent combination of performance, luxury, and value. We think it has the opportunity to be an extremely disruptive force in the large sedan and near-luxury segments."
The sedan model is the first of a potential series of Genesis vehicles from Hyundai. The company has already confirmed plans for a coupe, and there are rumors of other variants, too.

2009 Hyundai Genesis

The car is offered with a choice of three powertrains, including 3.3-liter and 3.8-liter V6 engines, and Hyundai's all-new 4.6-liter Tau V8. Tau produces an estimated 368 horsepower. For the top-shelf motor will be Hyundai's first V8 in the U.S., the sprint to 60 mph takes, ..Well under 6 seconds says Hyundai..
The V6 models also promise plenty of performance. The all-aluminum 3.3-liter and 3.8-liter DOHC V6 engines deliver an estimated 268 horsepower and 233 pound-feet of torque and an estimated 290 horsepower and 264 pound-feet of torque, respectively. Technologies include Variable Valve Timing and a Variable Intake System.

Both Genesis V6 engines use an Aisin 6-speed automatic transmission that features an overdrive lock-up torque converter for improved highway fuel economy. The Tau V8 also gets paired with a ZF 6-speed automatic rather than the Aisin 6-speed autos that are mated to the V6 engines.

The Genesis sedan has clean lines and uncluttered surfaces that look detailed and, frankly, expensive. Yes, it's derivative. There's a bit of Lexus LS in the headlights, some Infiniti in the profile and rear... you get the idea and can add your own observations in the comments. The car boasts a 53/47 front-to-rear weight distribution, which comes fairly close to the coveted 50/50 ratio made popular by BMW. Hyundai says the car's body structure is 12 to 14 percent stiffer than a BMW 5-Series or Mercedes E-Class. Despite this, the unibody is lighter than that of either the 5er or E.

2009 Hyundai Genesis

High-tech equipment includes: electronic stability control, XM NavTraffic, adaptive headlights, radar-based active cruise control, a 500-watt 17-speaker Lexicon audio system, and electronic active head restraints.
A leather-wrapped dash, door panels, and console lid surround the driver, while heated and cooled seats provide added comfort. The steering wheel is wrapped in engineered ultraviolet reflective leather to remain cool to the touch in extreme sunlight.
Genesis has a total of 8 ultrasonic sensors located on the front and rear bumpers.to help park in tight spaces. The car also offers a power rear sunshade, automatic electronic parking brake, proximity key and push button starter.
The car's eight airbags include dual front airbags, front and rear seat-mounted side-impact airbags, and roof-mounted side curtain airbags.

Clean the Air Inside Your Vehicle for a Healthier Ride

Many motorists do not know their vehicles come equipped with cabin air filters that prevent pollutants such as pollen, dirt, dust and soot from entering the car through the heating and air conditioning vents.

But over time, cabin air filters can get clogged and actually multiply the dangers from air pollutants when the heating and air conditioning system blows them inside the car with no way for them to escape.

"Checking and replacing a vehicle's cabin air filter every 12,000 to 18,000 miles keeps environmental contaminants from entering the interior of the vehicle and aggravating seasonal allergies, asthma and other respiratory conditions," says Ramon Nunez, Director of Filtration for Bosch, joint venture owner of Purolator Filters NA LLC. www.pureoil.com.

The cabin air filter may also be called pollen filter, air-conditioning filter, passenger compartment air filter, interior ventilation filter or dust filter.

Two kinds of cabin filters are available for modern vehicles -- the particulate cabin filter and the activated charcoal cabin filter.

The particulate cabin filter features a multi-layer design with more pleats that provide more space to filter out pollutants. Other features include foam perimeter gaskets and an injection-molded frame when specified by the vehicle manufacturer.

The activated charcoal cabin filter goes a step further. It absorbs nearly all toxic and foul-smelling gases such as ozone, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide and hydrocarbons. An additional cover layer makes for extra protection.

Often, both particulate type and activated charcoal type cabin filters are available for the same vehicle, and you can replace a used cabin filter with either type, regardless of which was installed by the vehicle's manufacturer.

Recent estimates indicate approximately 45 million vehicles in the US are equipped with cabin air filters. Refer to your owner's manual or check with a mechanic to see if your vehicle has one.

Whether you have it replaced professionally or decide to tackle it yourself, it's important to know that the time it takes to install a cabin air filter varies with the make and model of the vehicle you drive.

"It can take anywhere from 10 minutes to an hour, depending on where it is located and how difficult it is for you or the technician to reach," Nunez said. The cabin air filter may be located, for example, in the outside air intake, under the dash or even behind the glove box.

Inventor of the first automotive oil filter in 1923, Purolator offers premium quality cabin air filters for most domestic and imported vehicles. According to Nunez, Purolator's BreatheEASY(R) cabin air filter is designed to clean and protect the air in the vehicle and reduce the accumulation of dust inside the car.

Currently, each box of Purolator's BreatheEASY cabin air filter includes step-by-step instructions on the entire installation process as well as estimated difficulty and replacement times.

Source: Purolator Filters

2009 Kawasaki Vulcan® 1700 Nomad™ Designed For Miles Of Adventure

Kawasaki’s new Vulcan® 1700 Nomad™ is more than a touring edition of the innovative Vulcan 1700 Classic. This cruising motorcycle is for riders and passengers who yearn for the open road and nights away from home, but also like to ride in comfort. With a large windshield, hard saddlebags, passenger floorboards, a luxury backrest and standard cruise control, the Nomad is designed for miles of adventure – solo or two-up.

2009 Kawasaki Vulcan® 1700 Nomad™

The new Nomad supplies serious wind protection courtesy of an adjustable handlebar-mounted windscreen. A sub-windshield and deflectors on the Nomad further increase wind protection performance. The sub-windshield covers the area between the windshield and headlight when the windshield is in the raised position, while the fork-mounted deflectors help direct air away from the rider’s legs.

Visually setting the Nomad apart from its Vulcan 1700 brethren are the color-matched, lockable hard saddlebags. These top-opening side cases each offer a bountiful 8.6 gallons (38L) of sealed storage space for overnight trips. The Nomad also features front and rear guards to help protect the bike’s engine and saddlebags in case of a fall. Convenient helmet locks are located on the left- and right-side saddlebag guards.

Comfortable seating for the rider and passenger is a must on a touring bike and the Nomad delivers with plush deluxe seats that are sculpted for all-day comfort. Contributing to long-distance passenger comfort is a luxury backrest with integrated passenger grab bars and floorboards for both the rider and passenger.

The Nomad’s light, compact frame holds a newly designed 1700cc engine based on that of the mighty Vulcan 2000. However, it uses a SOHC rather than push-rod actuated OHV arrangement. This permits fast revving and quick acceleration from the 1700cc engine – delivering superior passing performance at highway speeds. The new engine’s increase in compression, displacement and long-stroke design means significant torque and power gains over its predecessor.

This is no V-twin from yesteryear, the Nomad’s fuel injection system, like those in use on Kawasaki’s Ninja® 650R and Vulcan 900 motorcycles, utilizes one sensor in place of the usual three for less complexity and weight. Besides the obvious advantages of FI like improved fuel economy, the system permits easy hand-off starting.

The Nomad’s FI and exhaust are tuned to deliver its peak torque and horsepower at higher rpm – ideal for its open road operating environment. More touring refinement comes from the clutch, which features six damping springs for three-stage progressive damping to smooth out the shifting and the hit from the big 1700cc engine under hard acceleration.

More cutting edge technology is found in Kawasaki’s first fully electronic throttle valve system that makes its first appearance on the Nomad. Working together with the fuel injection system, the electronic throttle valve helps the new Vulcan 1700 Nomad to offer a smooth, natural engine response. This helps the ECU to deliver an ultra-precise metering of both fuel and air to the engine. It also provides accurate cold-engine idle speed control, reduces rider fatigue and helps maintain a “natural” throttle feel.

The system utilizes dual sensors; an Accelerator Position Sensor (APS) on the throttle body and a Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) on the throttle. Both of these sensors feed data to the ECU, which in turn adjusts the throttle plates with exacting precision. The system is capable of functioning on one set of data alone, offering redundancy in the unlikely event of a sensor failure.

The Vulcan 1700 Nomad also features a water-cooled alternator with rare-earth magnets that produces a staggering 48.5 amps of electrical output; plenty to power navigation systems and other electrical accessories that enrich modern traveling.

Likewise, no modern motorcycle could call itself a “tourer” without cruise control, and the Nomad is no exception. The cruise control is conveniently operated from the right side of the handlebar and can be activated between 30 and 85 mph in third gear or above. Disengaging is easily done by using the brake lever, clutch lever, rear brake pedal or manually closing the throttle.

Moving the Nomad down the road is a new six-speed transmission featuring overdrive and super strong carbon fiber drive belt. The sixth gear functions as an overdrive gear, contributing to relaxed riding and better fuel economy at highway speeds. The new carbon fiber drive belt has a 40-percent higher tensile strength than current Kevlar units, and allows it to use a thin and light 28mm belt.

However, this is no cold, mechanical techno-marvel. The designers were able to infuse the abundant technology into the new Vulcan 1700 Nomad with all the charm and visual appeal expected on a Kawasaki light touring cruiser. Meticulous attention to detail and exquisite craftsmanship of the engine covers, bodywork design and saddlebags result in an eye-pleasing product that turns heads whether parked in front of a café or cruising down the highway.

Designed from the start to be as light and slim as possible, the new single backbone double cradle frame uses the minimal amount of forged parts and metal for a reduction of 4.4 pounds and a rigidity increase of 40-percent. With a shorter seat to steering head distance, the new lightweight chassis is more compact and shorter overall with a correspondingly decreased wheelbase. The easy-to-reach handlebars facilitate better low-speed maneuvering and contribute to greater rider confidence and comfort.

Adding to the light and easy handling of the low weight chassis design are the new suspension components – set to match the Vulcan 1700 Nomad’s touring performance. Dual adjustable rear air-shocks provide 3.1 inches of travel, and include air adjustable spring preload and rebound adjustment to ensure a comfortable ride feel with unique settings for the Nomad. Up front, a large 43mm fork offers precise steering feedback, four-way preload adjustment and 5.5 inches of travel.

The Nomad rolls on new nine-spoke cast wheels, which use tubeless tires and complement its new muscular styling. Mounted on the attractive wheels are a 130/90 front radial tire and a wide, 170/70 rear radial tire. These aren’t the giant size tires that can "dull" handling, but beefy treads that offer good traction, smooth ride and good style. Dual 300mm front disc brakes with twin-piston calipers and a single 300mm rear disc brake with a two-piston caliper bring this show to smooth, powerful stops.

A stylish combination of traditional styling, sophisticated technology and touring refinement, the most difficult part of the new Kawasaki Vulcan 1700 Nomad will be deciding which of the three appealing color options to chose; Metallic Diablo Black, Candy Diamond Red / Pearl Luster Beige or Metallic Nocturne Blue / Pearl Luster Beige.

2009 Kawasaki Vulcan® 1700 Nomad™

SPECIFICATIONS
Engine
Four-stroke, liquid-cooled, SOHC, four valves per cylinder, V-twin
Displacement
1,700cc / 103.7ci
Bore x stroke
102 x 104mm
Compression ratio
9.5:1
Maximum Torque
108 lb-ft @ 2,750rpm
Cooling
Liquid, plus cooling fins
Ignition
Digital fuel injection, dual 42mm throttle bodies
Transmission
Six-speed with overdrive
Frame
Steel, double-cradle with box-section single-tube backbone
Rake / trail
30° / 7.0 in.
Front Suspension / wheel travel
43mm hydraulic fork / 5.5 in.
Rear Suspension / wheel travel
Swingarm with twin air-assisted shocks, with 4-way rebound damping / 3.2 in.
Tire, front
130/90x16
Tire, rear
170/70x16
Brakes, front / rear
Dual 300 mm discs, dual twin-piston calipers / Single 300 mm disc, twin-piston caliper
Overall length
98.4 in.
Overall width
40.4 in.
Overall height
57.7 in.
Seat height
28.7 in.
Curb weight
833.3 lbs.
Fuel capacity
5.3 gal.
Wheelbase
66.5 in.
Colors
Metallic Diablo Black, Candy Diamond Red / Pearl Luster Beige

What to do in case of a car accident

Most drivers make costly, long-term decision errors immediately following an accident as fear gives way to anger and frustration. Questions race through your head faster than the mind can register them. Who was at fault? Will my car ever be right again? What are my rights and responsibilities? A calm and informed reaction to an accident will reduce your chances for additional grief and expense.

• Move your vehicle to a safe place, then stop and identify yourself to the other driver. (Some state or local statutes may require the vehicle be left as is.) If it can’t be moved, turn on the hazard lights. Seek medical help if you or other parties require it, and notify the police. Tell them who you are, where you are, and about any obvious or claimed injuries.
• Exchange information with the other driver(s) including driver’s license numbers. Get the driver’s name, address,telephone numbers and name of insurance company. Also, list any passengers and witnesses.
• Get names and badge numbers of any police officers who arrive at the scene. If there are injuries or extensive damage, the police should file a report. Ask to get a copy.
• Avoid any extensive discussions at the scene about who is responsible for damage. If the other person admits responsibility, offers a money settlement and you accept, any future claim against the driver may be compromised. You or the other party may later find damage and bodily injury not apparent at first.
• Write a complete description of the accident as soon aspossible. Include weather conditions, estimated speeds, and as much precise information as you can observe. Take photographs if a camera is available.
• Have the vehicle towed or driven to a collision repair facility of your choice. If in doubt, there are some 12,000 Automotive Service Association (ASA) member-businesses around the nation. Look for the ASA logo in the Yellow Pages or the red, white and blue ASA sign.
• Notify your insurance company of the accident as soon as possible.
  

ASA also has a Consumer Bill of Rights for Motorists available with information designed to aid you in the repair of your damaged vehicle.

Source: www.asashop.org

2009 Yamaha XJ6 Diversion / 2009 Yamaha FZ6R

2009 Yamaha XJ6 Diversion / 2009 Yamaha FZ6R

Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. announces the February 2009 release of two new models for the European market, the “XJ6 Diversion” and standard-equipped ABS variation model “XJ6 Diversion ABS,” both of which are powered by a 600cc liquid-cooled 4-stroke, in-line-4, fuel injected that makes 78 horsepower at 11,500rpm and 60Nm at 8,500rpm, , this seems to be the bike with which Yamaha will takes on the likes of the Honda CB600F, Suzuki GSR600/GSX650F and Kawasaki ER-6n.

2009 Yamaha XJ6 Diversion / 2009 Yamaha FZ6R
(Click Image to Download Wallpaper)

The bike is relatively lightweight allowing the 41mm front forks and Monocross rear suspension to deliver a smooth ride and good roadholding and includes all the must-have aspects that have become essential in the sector of road bikes with a sports connotation: short but high tail, “hidden” exhaust and four cylinders from FZ6 derivation that favour torque. For added comfort the new XJ6 Diversion is equipped with adjustable handlebars. The new tubular frame is designed to deliver easy handling, and its clean lines emphasize the bike’s slim appearance.

The Yamaha XJ6 Diversion (with the addition of a full fairing, this will be sold as the FZ6R in the US market) gets a tubular steel chassis, 41mm conventional fork, preload-adjustable monoshock, box-section steel swingarm, and twin 298mm brake discs at the front, with twin-piston calipers. ABS is optional. It aims to be a model that offers easy and enjoyable riding around town and pleasurable cruising, and its main target is entry-level motorcyclists.

These new models join the high-performance supersport YZF-R6, introduced in Europe in 1999, and the all-rounder FZ6 launched in 2004, to offer European customers a well-rounder line-up of Yamaha models in the 600cc class.

2009 Yamaha XJ6 Diversion / 2009 Yamaha FZ6R
(Click Image to Download Wallpaper)

Features
Engine
Newly-developed 600cc liquid-cooled 4-stroke inline 4-cylinder engine The XJ6 Diversion is driven by a newly developed 600cc liquid-cooled 4-stroke inline 4-cylinder engine which has been specifically designed to produce brisk performance together with an easy, predictable and linear power band. Featuring bore x stroke dimensions of 65.5 mm x 44.5 mm, together with a high compression ratio of 12.2:1, this strong and responsive new inline-4 cylinder engine produces maximum horsepower 57.0 kW (78 PS) at 10,000 rpm, with maximum torque 59.7 Nm (6.1 kg-m) at 8,500 rpm.

Chassis
Newly-designed tubular steel diamond-type frame In order to be able to offer XJ6 Diversion riders strong all-round running performance, together with a low seat height and slim overall chassis dimensions, we have developed an all-new diamond-type frame. Manufactured from high tensile steel pipes which are 31.8 mm in diameter and 2.3 mm thick, this attractive new frame features a very simple and neat design which has been created using the minimum number of bends and welds.

New 41mm diameter front forks
To complement the new slimline tubular chassis, the XJ6 Diversion is equipped with newly-designed conventional front forks featuring 41 mm diameter tubes which deliver a good balance of rigidity together with excellent shock absorption characteristics.

ABS anti-lock braking system
The new XJ6 Diversion is also available with a compact new lightweight ABS design. This new system has been developed to offer improved feel when activated, and features a linear control (3-position) ABS, instead of the previous two mode system, which operated in ‘increased brake pressure’ and ‘decreased brake pressure’ modes.

Technical specs are as follows:

• 600 cc liquid cooled, inline four cylinder, four valve, DOHC
• Redesigned aspiration and exhaust
• New high compression cylinder heads
• Aspiration conductors redesigned
• Twin cam profile modified
• New monoblock enigne
• Bore and stroke 65.5mm x 44.5mm
• Light alluminium pistons
• 4-1 exhaust with muffler under frame
• New internal clutch

Other features include redimensioned geometry for perfect balance, new front forks with 41mm diameter and rear Monocross suspension. New alloy wheels hold tyres measuring 120/70-ZR17 and 160/60-ZR17 and the front brakes are lighter with double discs that are highly sensitive.

The design centers around three principles of ease and riding pleasure, versatility in this segment and a mix of contemporary dimensions with a classic design. A new instrument panel is also a feature including both digital and analogue elements.

2009 Yamaha XJ6 Diversion / 2009 Yamaha FZ6R
(Click Image to Download Wallpaper)

Colours include ocean depth, graphite and lava red, and a range of accessories is available which includes a 46 litre storage unit, wind shield and tank protection among others.

2009 Kawasaki Ninja® ZX™-14 Sportbike

2009 Kawasaki Ninja® ZX™-14

In the ever changing world of global superbike supremacy, the mantra “evolve or get left behind” still holds true. The 2009 Kawasaki Ninja® ZX™-14 has not rested on its laurels. The winning traits – massive torque, effortless power, agile handling and comfortable ergonomics – of the 1352cc Ninja king have landed it a sizeable collection of open class sportbike victories. Despite ever-tightening noise and emissions regulations; the ZX-14 has continued to set the pace of sportbike excellence ever since its domineering debut in March of 2006.

No doubt about it, the ZX-14 is a testament to effective evolution. Its engine and exhaust system permit it to comply with strict Euro-III emissions and tightening noise regulations. However, the ZX-14’s low-end torque, mid-range surge and its legendary Ninja peak power place it at the top of the sportbike food chain.

Secondary air ports in the cylinder head and its cover flow clean air into the exhaust system and boost the efficiency of the three honeycomb catalyzers employed in the exhaust system. These devices, combined with a wide dispersal of atomized fuel from the fine-atomizing fuel injectors and optimized flow characteristics through the intakes, allow the ZX-14’s 1352cc engine to offer strong performance, yet still meet the toughest motorcycle emissions regulations.

The ZX-14 meets noise standards by producing a minimum of internal mechanical noise, in lieu of using a more-restrictive exhaust system. A special piston profile and a urethane insulation sheet on the inside of the magnesium chain cover help quiet the engine and permit a freer flowing exhaust for greater power.

The ZX-14’s chassis design is every bit the equal of its power plant. Using an advanced version of Kawasaki’s unique aluminum monocoque design, its frame is lightweight and very strong. Die cast aluminum sections on the main frame make for lighter parts, keeping the weight down even more on the slim and compact frame.

The narrow engine, monocoque frame, and fuel tank provide a slim rider interface and a relaxed sport riding position. It is compact without being cramped, with its easy-to-reach bar position, low-set footpegs for ample legroom and a low seat height and narrow seat front to easily plant both feet on the ground when stopped. Comfort levels are high enough to cause riders to think they’re on a dedicated sport tourer – until the ZX-14’s throttle is twisted. When that happens, all confusion disappears, like so many competitors in the rear view mirrors.

Uninterrupted fairing lines give the ZX-14 a smooth, flowing appearance from front to rear, due in part to the monocoque frame that goes over the engine and doesn’t protrude through the cowling. Quadruple projector beam headlights adorn the ZX-14’s front fairing, immediately beneath its menacing ram air intake duct. The turn signals are cleanly integrated into the fairing and rear cowl, with a unique “V” design LED tail lamp capping off a sleek, aerodynamic package that reinforces Kawasaki’s aircraft heritage.

Specifications:

Engine Type

Four-stroke, liquid-cooled, DOHC, four valve per cylinder, inline-four

Displacement

1352 cc

Bore x Stroke

84.0 x 61.0 mm

Maximum Torque

154 N/m {15.7 kgf/m} 113.5 lb-ft @ 7,500 rpm

Compression Ratio

12.0:1

Fuel Injection

DFI with Mikuni 44mm Mikuni Throttle Bodies (4)

Ignition

TCBI with Digital Advance

Transmission

6-Speed

Final Drive

X-Ring Chain

Rake/Trail

23 degrees / 94 mm.

Front Tire Size

120/70 ZR17

Rear Tire Size

190/50 ZR17

Wheelbase

57.5 in.

Overall Height

46.1 in.

Overall Length

85.4 in.

Overall Width

29.9 in.

Front Suspension / wheel travel

43mm inverted cartridge fork with adjustable preload, stepless rebound and compression damping adjustments / 4.6 in.

Rear Suspension / wheel travel

Bottom-Link Uni-Trak® and gas-charged shock with adjustable preload, stepless rebound and compression damping adjustments, adjustable ride height / 4.8 in.

Front Brake Type

Dual semi-floating 310 mm petal discs with dual radial-mounted four-piston calipers

Rear Brake Type

Single 250mm petal disc with twin-piston caliper

Fuel Tank Capacity

5.8 gal.

Seat Height

31.5 in.

Curb Weight

566.7 lbs.

Colors

Candy Lime Green / Flat Super Black, Special Edition Candy Burnt Orange / Metallic Diablo Black

The Right Way to Abandon Your Car in a Snow Storm

As we brace for another winter season, some drivers will be faced with a risky situation in the near future: they'll take the risky step of abandoning their vehicles, unable to maneuver through the ice and snow.

According to PEMCO Insurance, drivers should know there's a right way - and a wrong way - to abandon a vehicle when weather conditions dictate.

Jon Osterberg, PEMCO spokesperson, recommends that people inexperienced at driving in snow and ice avoid the problem by staying off the roads during winter storms. "Drivers should decide if they need to be on the road in the first place. But we recognize there are times when the weather turns quickly and circumstances demand that you must drive."

When a driver becomes stranded on the road, PEMCO suggests staying with the car if you safely can. "If there's a chance a tow truck or other help is coming, stay with your vehicle. Leaving it in the roadway presents many risks," Osterberg said.

For example, if drivers leave their vehicle on a route that's usually kept open for emergency traffic, it can be towed, especially if it presents a danger to other drivers.

"Towing charges can be steep, and abandoned-car towing fees typically aren't covered by insurance," he said.

Abandoned cars also run a higher risk of being involved in hit-and-run collisions in snowy weather. Heavy snowfall can obscure a car or place it where others are likely to slide into it. According to Osterberg, hit-and-run damage typically subjects drivers to a higher deductible when the car is repaired.

PEMCO recommends the following tips for drivers who must abandon their vehicle:

• Move the vehicle as far off the traveled roadway as you safely can.
• Turn on your flashers, and leave them on. A dead battery is better than causing an accident for which you could be held responsible.
• Set out flares to warn other drivers, if you can safely do so.
• Make a reasoned judgment about whether to remain with the vehicle and call for help, or to strike out on your own. Some factors to consider: your health, clothing for the weather, distance to the nearest help and likelihood of your vehicle being hit while you're inside it.
• Leave a note in the window with your contact information. That improves your chance of hearing from someone who hits your vehicle, or from the authorities.
• Take your most valuable items with you.
• Be sure to remove personal information that could allow a thief to locate your home and loved ones, steal your identity or otherwise defraud you.
• Secure the vehicle by setting the emergency brake and locking the doors. Professional towing companies know how to safely tow your vehicle.
• Prevent the possibility of abandoning a vehicle by monitoring the weather before a storm hits. But if you're unavoidably caught in a snowstorm, be prepared. Proper snow tires and/or chains will help you maneuver through snow and ice. Keep emergency winter clothes and supplies in your vehicle to buy you time and protection.

Source: PEMCO Insurance

Prevent brake problems or failures on your car

To help prevent brake problems or failures, the following regular inspections and maintenance should be performed on your brake system.

• Check the fluid levels.
• Check the line for rust or punctures. You may be able to do this, but consult a qualified technician if necessary.
• Check the brake hoses for brittleness or cracking. This check should be done by a qualified technician.
• Check the brake linings and pads for wear, brake fluid or grease. This check should be done by a qualified technician.
• Check the wheel bearings and grease seals. This check should be done by a qualified technician.

Some signal that may indicate a problem with your brake system are:

• Squeals-- caused by excessive heating of brake pads or linings.
• Rubbing -- caused by the metal brake rotor rubbing against the metal component of the brake pad. This sound means that the brake pad is completely worn away.
• A soft brake pedal indicating that there may be a brake fluid leak or air in the lines.
• Brake pull indicating worn linings, stuck pistons in the calipers or wheel cylinders, or saturated linings (caused by grease or brake fluid).

2009 BMW K 1300 S , K 1300 R , K 1300 GT

BMW has unveiled the newest generation of this line of powerful inline-four machines. The new K bikes sport a larger displacement, now with 1,293 cc, and an array of new enhancements and features. The 2009 K 1300 S, the most powerful street legal BMW, now offers 175 hp and the torque has been bumped by 7.5 ft-lb to a very impressive 103 ft-lb at 8250 rpm.

2009 BMW K 1300 S

“New for 2009 are three K1300 models. The K 1300 S with 175 hp, the K 1300 R with 173 hp and the K 1300 GT with 160 hp. The new K bikes feature updated transmission and clutch assembly, plus smoother engine performance and new switchgear.

2009 BMW K 1300 R

“By raising capacity to 1300 cc, BMW engineers have not only increased output but also torque on all three models. At the same time the driveline was intensively revised from air/fuel mixture formation right through to the exhaust system. In this way they have been able to optimize partial load behavior as well as throttle response. Now the clutch can be operated with even less effort and with greater refinement. Shifting has been improved tangibly due to constructional changes to the gearbox and drive.”

2009 BMW K 1300 GT

BMW is introducing new options for the 2009 as well. The popular Electronic Suspension Adjustment that first appeared on the 2005 K 1200 S has now been updated with even more on-the-fly adjustability and it’s called ESA II. Also new is the quick-shifter option, a racing-style gear shift assistant, borrowed from BMW’s race-ready HP2 Sport. Automatic Stability Control (ASC) is also offered as an option on the new K bikes.

2009 BMW K 1300 Series Panel

“Both the K 1300 S and also the R will also have the shift assistant - familiar from the HP2 Sport - available as an option for the first time. “BMW K Series have also advanced the chassis. The new lower longitudinal strut is now made of aluminum and is thus considerably lighter. This makes the front wheel guidance response even more sensitive. The result of this comprehensive development work is superior handling, improved rideability and lower fuel consumption. The electronically adjustable suspension – called ESA in short – was launched as a world first on the K 1200 S. Now BMW are presenting the new, well-proven ESA II as an option for the K Series. Apart from the suspension and damping this unique system also allows the spring rate to be adjusted at the press of a button. The K Series model revision also heralds a new and innovative generation of switches and controls.”

As Mr. von Kuenheim suggested the new line of K bikes also introduce BMW’s brand new switchgear. For the first time BMW is furnishing all their K bikes with the familiar universal-style switches and controls.

K Bike Highlights
K 1300 S and K 1300 R

• Even more dynamic, particularly at lower and medium engine speeds, thanks to the increase in engine capacity.
• Engine output 175/173 hp (K 1300 S/R) at 9,250 rpm, maximum torque 103 ft-lb at 8, 250 rpm.
• Optimized exhaust system with a new rear-end muffler and electronic flap control as well as a fully controlled three-way catalyst.
• Even greater riding precision combined with maximum riding stability ensured by the optimized Duolever front wheel suspension with a newly designed longitudinal arm at the bottom.
• Supreme handling ensured by optimized suspension geometry, optimum mass distribution and a perfectly balanced overall concept.
• Second-generation ESA II electronically adjustable suspension and ASC anti-spin control as an option.
• New, innovative generation of control switches with optimized ergonomics.
• Optimized, maintenance-free shaft drive with a new two-stage drive shaft.
• HP Gearshift Assistant for shifting up without the slightest interruption of power and traction available as an option.

K 1300 GT

• Even more traction and pulling force, particularly at low and medium engine speeds, through the increase in engine capacity.
• Engine output 160 hp at 9,000 rpm, peak torque of 99 ft-lb at 8,000 rpm.
• Significant increase in torque from 3,500 rpm.
• Fulfillment of the strictest environmental standards through newly set-up Digital Motor Electronics.
• Optimization of the emission system through rear mufflers modified inside and a fully-controlled three-way catalytic converter.
• Desmodromic operation of the gas lever function for even better and more precise gas dosage.
• Optimized, maintenance-free shaft drive with a new, two-stage drive shaft.
• Even greater driving precision and optimized response combined with maximum riding stability ensured by the optimized Duolever front-wheel suspension complete with a newly designed lower longitudinal arm.
• Second-generation ESA II Electronically Adjustable Suspension and ASC Automatic Stability Control as an option.
• New, innovative generation of switches and controls with optimized ergonomics.
• Integral ABS (semi-integral) featured as standard for a high level of active safety.

K 1300 S and K 1300 GT are expected in the US dealerships in early 2009. The K 1300 R’s availability is yet to be determined.